Born This Way

Born This Way
Studio album by Lady Gaga
Released May 23, 2011 (2011-05-23)
Recorded 2010–11
Genre Dance-pop, synthpop
Length 61:07
Label Streamline, Interscope, Kon Live
Producer DJ Snake, DJ White Shadow, Fernando Garibay, Lady Gaga, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, Jeppe Laursen, RedOne, Clinton Sparks
Lady Gaga chronology
The Remix
(2010)		 Born This Way
(2011)		 Born This Way: The Remix
(2011)
Singles from Born This Way
  1. "Born This Way"
    Released: February 11, 2011
  2. "Judas"
    Released: April 15, 2011
  3. "The Edge of Glory"
    Released: May 9, 2011
  4. "You and I"
    Released: August 23, 2011
  5. "Marry the Night"
    Released: November 15, 2011

Born This Way is the second studio album[1] by American recording artist Lady Gaga, which was released on May 23, 2011, by Interscope Records. The album is a follow-up to her internationally-successful albums The Fame (2008) and The Fame Monster (2009). As co-producer of every track on the album, Gaga collaborated with numerous producers, including RedOne and Fernando Garibay, with whom she had previously collaborated, and newcomers such as DJ Snake, DJ White Shadow, Jeppe Laursen, Robert John "Mutt" Lange and Clinton Sparks. She also included artists like E Street Band saxophonist Clarence Clemons and Queen guitarist Brian May on tracks from the album.

The music of Born This Way stems from the synthpop and dance-pop-oriented styles of her previous albums, yet it incorporates different forms of instrumentation which have not been used on her previous releases. It also incorporates a broader range of several musical genres like opera, heavy metal, disco and rock and roll while its lyrical topics include sexuality, religion, freedom, feminism, and individualism. Despite dividing opinion amongst some religious and conservative commentators, the album was well-received by music critics; points of acclaim went to the varying musical styles in the album and Gaga's vocals. Additionally, several publications included the album in their year-end critic lists. Born This Way received three Grammy Award nominations, including her third consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.[2]

Born This Way debuted in the top five spots in every major market, including the Billboard 200. In the United States, Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week – the largest first week album sales in five years; an estimated 440,000 copies were sold on Amazon in two days of its first week at a price of 99 cents. The album's four singles – "Born This Way", "Judas", "The Edge of Glory", and "You and I" – went on to chart in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100. "Born This Way" became the fastest-selling single in iTunes history[3] and the promotional track "Hair" charted in sixteen countries. Gaga has performed songs from the album on different occasions, including at prominent award ceremonies including the 53rd Grammy Awards and the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, as well as in other events and television appearances. As of October 2011, worldwide sales of the album have exceeded 8 million copies.

Contents

Background and recording

In March 2010, Gaga disclosed that she was working on a new album, saying that she had written most of the songs for the proposed album.[4] Meanwhile, producer RedOne described it as Gaga's "freedom album"[5] as her manager, Troy Carter, felt her public image would begin to change after the release of Born This Way[5] A few months after the announcement, Gaga exclaimed that she had finished writing songs for the album: "It came so quickly. I've been working on it for months, and I feel very strongly that it's finished right now. Some artists take years. I don't. I write music every day."[6] In another interview, she declared the album "the anthem of [this] generation," as she continued, "It includes the greatest music I've ever written. I've already written the first single for the new album and I promise you, that this album is the greatest of my career.[6][7]

Besides sessions on tour buses, recording sessions and mixing for the album took place at Abbey Road Studios in London, England, Studios 301 in Sydney, Australia, Sing Sing Studios in Melbourne, Australia, Gang Studios in Paris, France, Livingroom Studios in Oslo, Norway, Allerton Hill in the United Kingdom, Warehouse Productions Studio in Omaha, Nebraska, Studio at the Palms in Las Vegas, Nevada, Officine Meccaniche in Milan, Italy, Miami Beach Recording Studio in Miami Beach, Florida, and Germano Studios in New York City.[8] Brian May, a guitarist of Queen, and Clarence Clemons, a former member of the E Street Band, worked with Gaga in the album.[9][10]

On September 12, 2010, Gaga made an appearance on the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. During the acceptance speech for her Video of the Year award, Gaga announced the title of the album and sang the chorus of the its title track.[11] Described by Gaga as "a Christmas gift for my fans",[12] Gaga announced the release dates of the album and its lead single at the stroke of midnight on January 1, 2011 via Twitter,[13] supplementing it with a black-and-white photograph in which Gaga is "nude from the waist down, with her hair blowing about, and sporting a jacket with the name of the album emblazoned in what looks like bedazzled jewels."[13]

Composition

Influences and themes

Major influences on Born This Way
In songs such as "Marry the Night" and "Fashion of His Love" Gaga seeks influence from Whitney Houston.
Bruce Springsteen has prominent influences on the album, notably in songs such as "Hair" and "The Edge of Glory".
Influences stemming from Madonna can be heard throughout the album, including in songs such as "Born This Way" and "Scheiße".

In terms of musical composition, Born This Way is considered to be a notable departure from Gaga's previous works.[14] It incorporates a broader range of musical genres such as opera,[15] heavy metal,[16] rock and roll,[17] Europop,[18] New Wave,[19] mariachi,[20] electro-industrial,[21][22] and disco[23][24] in addition to featuring a wider variety of instrumentation and musical styles. For example, an organ can be heard as Gaga closes "Born This Way",[25] a Gregorian chant-inspired male vocal choir is a prominent feature in "Bloody Mary",[15] guitars and violins in "Americano",[26] and electric guitars in "Bad Kids".[26] The songs "Hair" and "The Edge of Glory" are distinguishable from the rest of the album, as a saxophone – performed by Clarence Clemons, a prominent member of the E Street Band – can be heard throughout.[10] In several interviews, Gaga expressed that she was mostly inspired by Madonna,[27] Whitney Houston,[16][27][28] and Bruce Springsteen[16][24][28][29] though other musical influence stems from Iron Maiden,[16] Kiss,[16] Queen,[9] TLC,[27] Pat Benatar,[30] and En Vogue.[27]

The album contains mainly moderate-tempo dance songs, described as "anthemic style melodies with really sledge-hammering dance beats."[31] In the months prior to the release of Born This Way, Gaga characterized her new music as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a fucking meat dress" and upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she will take music to the "next level."[32] The album includes references to several religious figures of Christianity, notably Judas Iscariot, Mary Magdalene, and Jesus of Nazereth.[33] Several songs on the album give reference to multiple social topics, including the Arizona immigration law.[20] Messages of sexuality and feminism are among the most distinguishable components of Born This Way.[15][18][20] Other themes referenced in the album include individualism, equality, and freedom.[34]

Music and lyrical content

"It's like Whitney, but imagine if Bruce Springsteen had a baby with Whitney Houston — that's what it is", she said. "And that was it! We made a baby. Finally. After all that fornication, miserably long and tedious, Fernando and I finally conceived."

—Lady Gaga, on "Marry the Night"[28]

The album opens with "Marry the Night", a song written as a homage to New York City.[35] It is a dance-pop record which contains church bells,[36] a thumping four on the floor house beat,[37] a funk rock-influenced breakdown,[38] and has been noted to contain elements of disco, techno, funk and Hi-NRG music.[18][39][40] The song's sound has been compared to that of 1980s hair metal artists, including Bon Jovi, Pat Benatar and Bonnie Tyler.[38] The next, "Born This Way" is about how everybody is equal, regardless of skin color, sexuality, or creed, and that every person can fulfill his or her dream. Compared to Madonna's "Express Yourself", the song features Eurodisco beats.[41] The third track of the album, "Government Hooker", contains elements of opera music,[15] and a dance melody resembling genres such as techno, trance, industrial and post-disco,[23][24][42][43] as well as a hip hop-influenced beat.[43] The song has been compared to the work of German electronic band Kraftwerk.[42]

The fourth song is "Judas", which Gaga confirmed to be influenced by the Biblical Judas Iscariot. The song's lyrics are about being betrayed as well as "honoring your darkness in order to bring yourself into the light," according to Gaga.[44] The song is a dance-pop and electropop track, with influences of industrial and disco music,[45][46][47][48] a 1980s-inspired pop chorus,[49] as well as a breakdown containing elements of dubstep and techno music.[14] In parts of the song, Gaga sing-raps with a Caribbean Patois accent.[49]

The album's fifth track is "Americano", a mariachi[23] song with techno, house and disco influences.[24] Written in Spanish and English, Gaga composed "Americano" in response to the Arizona immigration law Arizona SB 1070. Critics have noted vaudevillian elements within the song,[50] and it has been compared it to the work of Judy Garland,[51] with Gaga claiming that she sees influence from French chanson singer Édith Piaf.[52] The sixth track, "Hair" is a song about expressing freedom through one's hair. The song has a dance-pop melody, yet it has influences from rock/heavy metal music artists like Bruce Springsteen, Iron Maiden and Kiss.[16] It has also been noted to incorporate disco[47] and Europop music.[53] The seventh track, "Scheiße" contains German lyrics and has a message of feminism,[18] accompanied by a heavy synths, techno beats, as well as Eurodisco influences.[15][24] The song's melody has drawn comparisons to Madonna and electroclash artist Miss Kittin.[54] After "Scheiße" is "Bloody Mary", which is a relatively slow-tempo[24] song containing "plucked strings" and "filthy beats",[54] as well as numerous religious references, and a trance-influenced melody.[15] "Bad Kids" contains 1980s synthpop influences and electric guitars.[23] Described as having an "old-school" style,[19] its disco beat has been compared to that of Donna Summer,[23] and influences of heavy metal music have been found within is composition.[46]

"Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)" is Born This Way's tenth track. A dance-pop song with elements of industrial[55] and post-disco[19] music, it has been noted to have Bruce Springsteen influences, as well as powerful drums and synths.[24] "Heavy Metal Lover", the eleventh track, is song of electropop and techno tendencies,[18][56] which has been noted to contain elements of house music,[57] electro-industrial beats,[58] and has been compared to the power pop of the 1990s.[53] Synthesizers are used as a focal point for the song.[24] Following "Heavy Metal Lover" is "Electric Chapel", a heavy metal-influenced pop song noted to contain elements of Europop[53] that has been compared to the work of Madonna.[18][23] The album's thirteenth track, "You and I", is a rock and roll ballad which contains elements of country rock music.[59] The song contains a moderato-tempo,[17] and Queen guitarist Brian May is also featured on the track.[9] The track, furthermore, samples Queen's 1977 single "We Will Rock You".[9]

The fourteenth track is "The Edge of Glory", which refers to the death of Gaga's grandfather.[60] It is an upbeat song of dance-pop, electronic rock and synthpop tendencies; it also contains a saxophone solo by Clarence Clemons which has drawn comparisons to blues music.[61] One of the bonus tracks is "Black Jesus + Amen Fashion", a pop song which draws influences from 1980s and 1990s electronic and club music, and has been noted to contain elements of techno and New Wave music;[62] it has also been compared to Madonna and Justice.[62] The track's lyrics have numerous references relating to fashion and New York City,[63][64] including Broadway. "Fashion of His Love", the second bonus track, is a 1980s-influenced dance-pop song that contains references to the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen.[65] The final bonus track is "The Queen", which is a disco-influenced pop song about bravery and a slight element of feminism.[19]

Release and promotion

At a November 2010 show of The Monster Ball Tour in Gdansk, Poland, Gaga announced that the album could have up to twenty tracks,[66] adding that production for the album was coming to a close.[67] In an interview with Vogue in February 2011, Gaga confirmed that there would be a total of seventeen tracks on the album, of which fourteen would make the final cut to the standard edition.[68] The other three songs were initially to be released on an exclusive deluxe edition of the album at Target; however, Gaga later ended her partnership with Target in response to the company's donation of US$150,000 to the conservative political group Minnesota Forward.[69]

On April 17, 2011, Gaga tweeted her selection for the cover art of Born This Way, which featured Gaga fused into a motorcycle. Gaga's name does not appear on the album cover – the only text is the chrome writing across the top reading the album's name.[70] The cover received a negative response from some critics and fans. Sean Michaels of The Guardian expressed that the cover "[looked] more like a cheap Photoshop job than the most anticipated album of the year." He then commented: "Gone are the futurist sunglasses, the asymmetrical haircuts, even Gaga's newly touted magic horns; instead, a mutant motorbike with Gaga's arms and head, plus a cheesy chrome typeface." He also referenced several messages from fans on Gaga's official forum expressing their dislike for the cover.[71] Andrew Martin of Prefix referred to it as "a reject from the last Terminator film".[72] The special edition cover was released on the same day: it featured just Gaga's head from the standard edition cover but the words "Lady Gaga" and "Born This Way" appear in the top left corner of the cover. They are typed in Impact font with "Born This Way" being highlighted in white with black letters. Neither of the words special nor deluxe appear anywhere on the album, as Gaga dislikes the words.[73]

Prior to the release of Born This Way, the contents of the album were leaked online on May 18, 2011.[74] Due to a violation of copyright law, it was later removed.[74] The album was formally released worldwide on May 23, 2011, in two separate editions.[13][75] The special edition included three bonus tracks not included on the standard edition of the album.[63] Several non-singles songs were previewed as part of promoting Born This Way. Remixes of "Scheiße" and "Government Hooker" were previewed at fashion shows presented by Thierry Mugler in January and March 2011, respectively.[76][77] Several songs were released on FarmVille during the next few days prior to the album's release, including "Marry the Night",[40] "Americano",[78] and "Electric Chapel".[79]

Live performances

Gaga embarked on promotional tours and live performances for Born This Way and its accompanying singles in Europe, Asia and North America. Promotion began with a live performance of the album's lead single on February 13, 2011, at the 53rd Grammy Awards in Los Angeles.[80] Six days later on The Monster Ball Tour in Atlantic City, Gaga performed "Born This Way" as a second encore, using the same general attire and choreography as the Grammy performance.[81] The song was then added to the set-list of the concert tour. Two months later "Judas" was performed by Gaga in at Kennedy Lounge in Tampa, Florida, after finishing her show at the adjacent St. Pete Times Forum as part of The Monster Ball Tour.[82] "Judas" was performed on national television for the first time on Ellen (April 28), and again at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival (May 12).[83][84]

Throughout the month of May, Gaga performed "Born This Way" on Oprah (May 6), The Graham Norton Show (May 13), and the season finale of Saturday Night Live (May 21), during which the singer wore a metallic dress and a side ponytail.[85][86][87] It also included acoustic performances of "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory".[87] At the Radio 1's Big Weekend in Carlisle, Cumbria, Gaga performed the first three singles of the album, as well as a live performance of "Bad Romance" (2009) and a cover of "Orange Colored Sky" as sung by Nat King Cole.[88] On May 25, Gaga showcased the final version of "The Edge of Glory" at the final show of the tenth season of American Idol, where she was joined by Clemons in person.[89] Following this, she appeared on Good Morning America as part of the "Summer Concert Series", which took place at Central Park in New York.[90] She opened up the show with a performance of "Bad Romance", and performed all the songs from the album.[90] Proceeding the event was an appearance on the season finale of Germany's Next Topmodel: Gaga previewed her song "Scheiße" and played an acoustic rendition of "Born This Way" on the piano, while performing "The Edge of Glory" to close off the show.[91][92]

Gaga attended the EuroPride 2011 in Rome, Italy, where she sang several songs from the album and denounced discrimination against the LGBT community.[93] Performances on the Paul O'Grady Show and X Factor followed suit; in the latter appearance, she started the show by playing a keytar for "The Edge of Glory", and transitioned into "Judas".[94][95] At the 2011 MuchMusic Video Awards, Gaga opened up with "The Edge of Glory" and concluded the show by performing "Born This Way".[96] Both songs were performed again at the 2011 MTV Video Music Aid Japan, in which Gaga opened up the show once more by singing "The Edge of Glory" followed by "Born This Way".[97] She performed "Hair" at French television show Taratata[98] and during a short promotional tour in Taiwan, alongside "Judas" and "Telephone".[99] In July 2011, she performed a one-off concert to promote Born This Way at Sydney Town Hall, Australia.[100] Over the course of the next months, Gaga performed "The Edge of Glory", "Hair" and "You and I" on various occasions, notably on The Howard Stern Show (July 18), Jimmy Kimmel Live! (July 28), The View (August 3), and the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards (August 28).[101][102][103]

Singles

Thus far, five singles have been released from the album. "Born This Way", the eponymous lead single, was released on February 11, 2011.[104][105] Described as a "magical message", the Gaga and Jeppe Laursen-written song was produced by herself, Laursen, Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow.[106] It was met with mostly positive reception from critics, who noted the similarities the Madonna song "Express Yourself".[107][108][109][110] "Born This Way" experienced widespread commercial success, topping the charts in over nineteen countries in addition to selling over a million copies worldwide, becoming the fastest selling song in iTunes history.[111] In her native United States, the song became Gaga's third number one hit, where it spent six weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100.[112][113] "Judas" was the album's second single,[114] having been released on April 15, 2011. Critics reacted positively to "Judas", complimenting the song's breakdown,[115] yet noted similarities with "Bad Romance" in its composition.[116][117] Despite that, it debuted at number four on the Hot Digital Songs chart with the sale of 162,000 copies[118] while peaking at number ten in the United States,[119] reaching in the top ten of twenty countries and peaked at number one on the South Korean charts.[120]

"The Edge of Glory" was released as the third single for the album on May 11, 2011.[121] It was praised by many critics, who deemed it as an album highlight. The song's points of positive reception include the saxophone solo provided by Clarence Clemons, the underlying message and Gaga's "throaty" and "soulful" vocals.[122] It charted in the top ten of nineteen countries and became Gaga's tenth consecutive top-ten single in the United States, debuting at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.[112] "You and I", the album's fourth single, was also met with positive critical reaction that complimented the musical composition of the song.[123][124] The song became Gaga's eleventh consecutive top ten single in the United States, peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100.[125] The single has received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Solo Performance.[126] "Marry the Night" serves as the fifth single from Born This Way.[127] Critical reception towards the song was positive, with reviewers calling it a strong dance-pop number.[128][129] It has charted in fifteen different countries including the United States, where it has since peaked at number twenty-nine on the Billboard Hot 100.[130] Interscope Records confirmed that, while the song was a definite fifth single choice internationally, there was initial doubt about its US release. However, they chose to go ahead with it anyway.[131] The accompanying music video received enormous critical acclaim, being noted as a "pure spectacle" and as one of Gaga's "biggest epics".[132][133][134]

Reception

Critical response

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source Rating
Metacritic (71/100)[1]
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic [135]
Robert Christgau A−[136]
Entertainment Weekly (B+)[137]
The Guardian [138]
The Independent [139]
Los Angeles Times (unfavorable)[42]
Rolling Stone [41]
Slant Magazine [140]
Spin (8/10)[37]
The Village Voice (mixed)[141]

Born This Way received generally positive reviews from music critics upon its release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 71, based on 33 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews."[1] Dan Martin of NME gave it eight out of 10, stating "Gaga doesn't know when to hold back – and it's a damn good thing," and complimented Gaga for pushing musical boundaries to its "ultimate degree."[14] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine opined: "There's nothing small about this album, and Gaga sings the shit out of every single track."[140] Cinquemani compared the album to The Killers' album Sam's Town, calling it "bloated, self-important, proudly American, an exercise in extraordinary excess."[140] BBC Music called the album a "marvelous record" and commended Gaga for "actually putting a bit of effort and imagination back into pop."[142] Rolling Stone's Rob Sheffield praised Gaga's vocals and musical style, expressing that "the more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[41] Bill Lamb of About.com gave the album five out of five stars and concluded in his review, "Born This Way begins and ends with near perfection."[143] Spin felt that "excess is Gaga's riskiest musical gamble, but it's also her greatest weapon, and Born This Way relentlessly bludgeons listeners' pleasure centres," and concluded that "she's making a convincing case that she's evolving into our most surreally brilliant pop star."[37] Adam Markovitz of Entertainment Weekly found the album "rewarding but wildly uneven", adding that "If Gaga doesn't find a stand-alone hit here on the order of "Bad Romance", the album’s sprawl still shows off the breadth of her talent."[137] Despite criticizing her for "letting her skills as a songwriter slide ever so slightly," Allmusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars and complimented Gaga's composing "sensibility" and "considerable dexterity at delivering the basics."[135]

However, Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune felt that the album was rushed, describing it as "hyperventilating".[144] Kot expressed that it felt like the sound "of a major artist sprinting to please everyone all the time."[144] Randall Roberts of the Los Angeles Times opined that Gaga was lacking in innovation, stating that "musical adventure is not one of her strong points."[42] He continued: "She's unsubtle in her message, unsubtle in her dress, and, most important, unsubtle aesthetically[...]. If Gaga had only spent as much time on pushing musical boundaries as she has social ones, Born This Way would have been a lot more successful."[42] Chris Richards of The Washington Post found it "boring", writing, "Yes, Born This Way is a dark, dense and surprisingly aggressive listen... [but] at its worst, it sounds like reheated leftovers from some '80s movie soundtrack."[145] The Boston Globe called the album "the most deflated moment in pop music this year," saying the album lacks cohesion and the songwriting "feels thin."[146] The Independent gave Born This Way three out of five stars. While complimenting her vocal range, criticized the diversity within the album and stated "the broader she spreads her net musically, the less distinctive her art becomes."[139] Evan Sawdey of PopMatters gave the album a five-out-of-10 rating and dubbed it "her weakest album to date," commenting that it "fus[es] some daring songwriting with some remarkably repetitive themes and beats."[147] Rich Juzwiak of The Village Voice commented that Gaga's "we-shall-overcome sentiment" is expressed more effectively through the album's "egalitarian use of house beats" than through her "sloganeering", which he found "trite" and "[un]insightful."[141] In his consumer guide for MSN Music, critic Robert Christgau viewed the album as not on-par with The Fame or The Fame Monster, but added that "both of those keep growing, and with its mad momentum and nutty thematics, this one could too."[136]

Accolades

Born This Way was included in several year-end lists by music critics and publications. Rolling Stone magazine, in their list of the "50 Best Albums of 2011", ranked it at sixth place, writing "none of Gaga's previous exercises in musical plussizing prepared us for this kind of anything-goes extravagance".[148] The Guardian, in their list of the best albums of 2011, listed Born This Way at 31st.[149] Slant Magazine ranked the album as the third best of 2011 in their list of "The 25 Best Albums of 2011", calling it a "magnum opus", and describing it as a "sincere ode to the bedazzled hearts of outsiders past and present".[150] Furthermore, MTV ranked it as the tenth best album of 2011, claiming it is the "first multi-national, multi-hyphenate, multi-sexual pop album of our time", and called it "her grandest mission statement to date".[151] About.com listed Born This Way as the second top pop album of 2011, claiming it is a "pop landmark" and a "wild rollercoaster ride of music".[152] Claiming that through the album, Gaga "thinks pop can still move policy, and she might be right",[153] and describing the record as the "biggest pop album" of 2011,[153] Spin listed Born This Way as the 29th best album of the year, as well as the best pop album of the year.[153][154] Aside from critic polls, the album received Grammy Award nominations for the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012, including Album of the Year, Best Pop Album and Best Pop Solo Performance (for her song "You and I").[126] Being her third consecutive Grammy nomination for Album of the Year, Gaga is the first artist since British rock band The Beatles to receive three consecutive nominations in the category.[2] Additionally, the album was nominated in the category of Favorite Pop/Rock Album at the American Music Awards of 2011,[155] losing to Adele's 21.

Religious diaspora comments

"I find Gaga to be increasingly irrelevant. She thinks she is going to be groundbreaking. She is trying to ripoff Christian idolatry to shore up her talentless, mundane and boring performances. Another ex-Catholic whose head is turned around. This is a stunt. People have real talent, and then there is Lady Gaga. Is this the only way to jet up her performance? This isn’t random, we are getting closer to Holy Week and Easter."

—William A. Donohue, on the music video of "Judas"[156]

Several religious groups have condemned the album for its incorporation of several religious icons of Christianity and its stance on sexuality. In Lebanon, Born This Way was temporarily banned by the General Secretary Department, who deemed the album to be in bad taste and mocking of Christianity.[157] Abdo Abu Kassm, director of the Catholic Information Center of Lebanon, highly criticized the themes of the album, expressing that "if they are going to offend us we are going to cancel the album."[158] He continued: "We will not accept that anyone insult the Virgin Mary or Jesus or Christianity [...]. Call us traditional, call us backward, call us whatever you want. We will not accept it."[158] This ban lasted up until June 9.[157][159][160]

The music video of "Judas" was criticized by William A. Donohue, the president of the Catholic League, notably for Gaga's portrayal of Mary Magdalene. In an interview with HollywoodLife.com, Donahue expressed discontent towards Gaga's focus on Judas and Mary Magdalene, calling her "increasingly irrelevant" compared to people with "real talent", and attacked her for seemingly purposefully debuting the song and video close to Holy Week and Easter.[156] Shortly after its release, "Judas" was banned in Lebanon.[161] In Malaysia, where homosexuality is considered a criminal offense, the government criticized the album for its stance on sexuality and feminism.[162] Shortly after the release of the title track "Born This Way", radio stations across the country edited out several lyrics of the song as ordered by the Malaysian government.[163] Rosnah Ismail, the vice-chancellor of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, condemned the song, opining: "Islam forbids this. We have to abide by the country's laws."[164]

However, not all religious groups reacted negatively to the album. Helen Lee of Busted Halo felt that Gaga was "spreading the [good] news of Jesus Christ, whether intentionally or not."[165] She resumed: "Her views on celibacy, personal strength and individuality are certainly laudable [...] and far more compelling is what she has to say about human nature and human suffering."[165] And Christianity Today's Andrew Greer commented "pop music's new boundary pusher fills her latest outlandish occasion with brash-yet-sophisticated sonic perspectives, interweaving thoughtful spiritual quandaries with self-gratifying free-for-alls." [166]

Commercial performance

The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 after having sold 1,108,000 copies during the first week, making it the seventeenth album to sell over a million copies in one week. Born This Way was Gaga's first number-one album and the highest first-week total since 50 Cent's The Massacre (2005) sold 1,141,000 in its first week. Gaga is the fifth woman to sell one million copies in a week, after Whitney Houston (The Bodyguard Soundtrack, 1992), Britney Spears (Oops!...I Did It Again, 2000), Norah Jones (Feels Like Home, 2004), and Taylor Swift (Speak Now, 2010). Amazon sold an estimated 440,000 copies in its first two days at a price of 99 cents[167] (at a loss of over $3 million[168]) which contributed to its 662,000 digital sales, the largest in SoundScan history. The digital downloads accounted for 60 percent of Born This Way's first week total.[169][170] The album also became the eighth best-selling digital album in United States history after its first week of sales.[171] Before debuting on the Billboard 200, Born This Way debuted at number ten on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart.[172] The next week, it jumped to number one, displacing The Fame.[173] In its second week, the album remained at the top spot on the Billboard 200, despite an 84% sales decrease with a sales of 174,000 copies.[174] Digitally, the album had a 94% drop, selling 38,000 copies.[175] In its third week the album fell to number two being displaced by Adele's 21 with 42% sales decrease after having sold 100,000 copies.[176] In its fourth week the album fell to number four with 33% sales decrease, selling 68,000 copies.[176] Born This Way became the third-best-selling album of the year in the United States, with sales of 2,101,000 copies.[177]

The album debuted at number one in Ireland,[178] and Sweden,[179] while debuting at number two in Finland where it was the fifth-best-selling album of 2011.[180][181][182] The album debuted at the top spot in Australia, becoming her second number-one album there after The Fame Monster. Born This Way was certified platinum in Australia in its first week, by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipment of 70,000 copies.[183] In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart dated May 29, 2011, selling 215,639 units, which was the highest first-week sales of the year.[184] That week, the album outsold more than the rest of the top 10 combined[184] and has the best first-week tally of any album by an American female solo artist since Madonna's Confessions on a Dance Floor with sales of 217,610 copies in 2005.[185] According to The Official Charts Company, the album has sold a total of 821,000 copies in 2011.[186] In France, Born This Way debuted also at number one on the French Albums Chart and held that spot for two weeks. As of December 2011, the album has sold 170,000 copies.[187] Born This Way debuted also at the top spot on the New Zealand Albums Chart, becoming her second album to chart there, also after The Fame Monster. The album was certified platinum in its first week of sales.[188] Born This Way sold 184,000 copies in its first week in Japan, and debuted atop the Oricon chart.[189] It has been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipment of 750,000 copies.[190] Born This Way is the fourth best selling album of the year in Japan, with sales of 658,554 copies.[191] Worldwide, the album sold 2.5 million copies in its first week of release.[192] As of October 2011, worldwide sales of Born This Way exceed 8 million copies.[193]

Track listing

No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length
1. "Marry the Night"   Lady Gaga, Fernando Garibay Lady Gaga, Garibay 4:25
2. "Born This Way"   Lady Gaga, Jeppe Laursen Lady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay, DJ White Shadow 4:20
3. "Government Hooker"   Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay (co), DJ Snake (co) 4:14
4. "Judas"   Lady Gaga, RedOne Lady Gaga, RedOne 4:09
5. "Americano"   Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow, Cheche Alara Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow 4:07
6. "Hair"   Lady Gaga, RedOne Lady Gaga, RedOne 5:08
7. "Scheiße"   Lady Gaga, RedOne Lady Gaga, RedOne 3:46
8. "Bloody Mary"   Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay (co), Clinton Sparks (co) 4:05
9. "Bad Kids"   Lady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay, DJ White Shadow 3:51
10. "Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)"   Lady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay, DJ White Shadow 4:16
11. "Heavy Metal Lover"   Lady Gaga, Garibay Lady Gaga, Garibay 4:13
12. "Electric Chapel"   Lady Gaga, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, DJ White Shadow 4:12
13. "You and I"   Lady Gaga Lady Gaga, Robert John "Mutt" Lange 5:07
14. "The Edge of Glory"   Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow Lady Gaga, Garibay 5:21
Total length:
 61:07

Special edition

Notes

The Collection

In October 2011, Lady Gaga announced plans to release a box set titled Born This Way: The Collection and a remix album titled Born This Way: The Remix.[195][196] The remix album was also released as part of the Born This Way: The Collection, a special edition release including the 17-track version of Gaga's second studio album and a DVD release of the HBO concert special Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden.[196] The album cover was released on October 21, 2011. The image shows Lady Gaga wearing a dress made of slime by designer Bart Hess, a Perspex hat made by Charlie le Mindu, and heels by Alexander McQueen.[197][198]

Reception

Giving it three and a half stars, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic made a positive review, saying that the album is "for any fan of the singer who somehow has failed to pick up any or all of these along the way, this is a convenient way to grab all this Gaga at once".[199] Born This Way: The Collection debuted on the Greek Albums Chart at number 67 on the chart of December 16, 2011.[200] The following week the album climbed eighteen positions, reaching number 49.[201] The album debuted on South Korean International Albums Chart at number 18 on the chart of December 3, 2011.[202] The album remained on the chart of South Korea for just one week.

Contents

Notes

(*) denotes co-producer.

Charts

Chart (2011) Peak
position
Italian Albums Chart[204] 98
Greek Albums Chart[201] 49
South Korean International Albums Chart[202] 18

Release history

Region Date Format Label Edition Catalog
Germany[205] November 18, 2011 CD+DVD Universal Music Standard B005W0OJX2
Canada[206] November 21, 2011 B005WZZRD8
Japan[207] Streamline, Interscope, KonLive
United Kingdom[208][209] Polydor B005W0OJX2
Streamline, Interscope, KonLive B005WZZRD8
United States[210]
Canada[211] November 29, 2011 Deluxe B005W0OJX2
Japan[212] Polydor
United States[213] December 27, 2011 101 Distribution

Personnel

Credits for Born This Way adapted from Allmusic.[214]

  • Andy Abad – requinto
  • Christina Abaroa – copyist, librarian, music preparation
  • Al Carlson – assistant
  • Cheche Alara – arranger, composer, instrumentation
  • Jorge Alavrez – vocals (background)
  • Stephanie Amaro – guitar
  • Gretchen Anderson – producer
  • Paul Blair – guitar
  • Bobby Campbell – marketing
  • Troy Carter – management
  • Clarence Clemons – saxophone
  • Kareem Devlin – guitar
  • DJ Snake – bass, drums, keyboards, producer
  • DJ White Shadow – composer, drum programming, keyboards, producer, programming
  • Lisa Einhorn-Gilder – production coordination
  • Nicola Formichetti – creation
  • Fernando Garibay – arranger, composer, engineer, guitar, instrumentation, keyboards, musical director, producer, programming, vocals (background)
  • Val Garland – make-up
  • Brian Gaynor – bass, keyboards
  • Kamau Georges – programming
  • Laurieann Gibson – creation
  • David Gomez – vocals (background)
  • Suemy Gonzalez – violin
  • Gene Grimaldi – mastering
  • Vincent Herbert – A&R, executive producer
  • Julio Hernandez – violin
  • Mario Hernandez – guitarron, vihuela
  • Peter Hutchings – assistant
  • Dyana Kass – marketing
  • Harry Kim – trumpet
  • Ken Knapstad – assistant
  • Nick Knight – creation, photography
  • Phillip Knight – assistant
  • Lady Gaga – arranger, composer, instrumentation, keyboards, musical director, producer, vocals
  • Robert John "Mutt" Lange – producer, vocals (background)
  • Jeppe Laursen – composer, producer
  • Brian Lee – vocals (background)
  • Bill Malina – engineer
  • Brandon Maxwell – stylist
  • Brian May – guitar
  • Sam McKnight – hair stylist
  • Eric Morris – assistant
  • Wendi Morris – management
  • Carlos Murguía – vocals (background)
  • Trevor Muzzy – engineer, guitar, mixing, vocal editing
  • Jennifer Paola – A&R
  • Paul Pavao – assistant
  • Kevin Porter – assistant
  • Jordan Power – assistant
  • RedOne – composer, engineer, instrumentation, producer, programming, vocal arrangement, vocal editing, vocals (background)
  • Olle Romo – engineer, programming
  • Dave Russell – engineer, mixing
  • Rafa Sardina – engineer, mixing
  • Justin Shirley-Smith – guitar engineer
  • Amanda Silverman – publicity
  • Clinton Sparks – keyboards, producer
  • George Tandero – assistant
  • Todd Tourso – creation
  • Anna Trevelyan – stylist
  • Peter Van Der Veen – vocals (background)
  • Horace Ward – engineer
  • Tom Ware – engineer
  • Kenta Yonesaka – assistant

Charts and certifications

Charts

Chart (2011) Peak
position
Argentinian Albums Chart[215] 1
Australian Albums Chart[216] 1
Austrian Albums Chart[216] 1
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[216] 1
Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)[216] 1
Canadian Albums Chart[217] 1
Croatian International Albums Chart[218] 1
Czech Albums Chart[219] 1
Danish Albums Chart[216] 1
Dutch Albums Chart[216] 5
Finnish Albums Chart[216] 2
French Albums Chart[220] 1
German Albums Chart[221] 1
Greek Albums Chart[222] 1
Hungarian Albums Chart[223] 1
Irish Albums Chart[178] 1
Italian Albums Chart[224] 1
Japanese Albums Chart[225] 1
Mexican Albums Chart[226] 1
New Zealand Albums Chart[216] 1
Norwegian Albums Chart[216] 1
Polish Albums Chart[227] 3
Portuguese Albums Chart[228] 1
Russian Albums Chart[229] 1
Scottish Albums Chart[230] 1
Slovenian Albums Chart[231] 1
Spanish Albums Chart[232] 2
Swedish Albums Chart[216] 1
Swiss Albums Chart[216] 1
Taiwanese Albums Chart[233] 1
UK Albums Chart[234] 1
US Billboard 200[170] 1
US Dance/Electronic Albums[235] 1

Certifications

Country Certifications
Australia 2× Platinum[183]
Belgium Platinum[236]
Brazil 2× Platinum[237]
Canada 3× Platinum[238]
Denmark Gold[239]
Europe Platinum[240]
Finland Gold[241]
Germany Platinum[242]
Hungary Gold[243]
Italy Platinum[244]
Japan 3× Platinum[190]
Mexico Platinum[226]
New Zealand Platinum[188]
Poland Platinum[245]
Russia 4× Platinum[246]
Spain Gold[247]
Switzerland Platinum[248]
Taiwan 10× Platinum[249]
United Kingdom Platinum[250]
United States 2× Platinum[251]

Year-end charts

Chart (2011) Position
Australian Albums Chart[252] 6
Austrian Albums Chart[253] 15
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[254] 23
Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)[255] 13
Canadian Albums Chart[256] 3
Dutch Albums Chart[257] 40
French Albums Chart[258] 13
Japanese Albums Chart[259] 4
New Zealand Albums Chart[260] 3
Swiss Albums Chart[261] 10
UK Albums Chart[186] 7
US Billboard 200[262] 3
US Dance/Electronic Albums[263] 1

Release history

Region Date Format(s) Label Edition(s)
Worldwide May 23, 2011 CD, digital download Streamline Records, Interscope Records, Kon Live Standard, deluxe
India[264] Standard (Digipak)
Colombia[265][266][267] May 30, 2011 CD Universal Music, Interscope Box set (Standard)
United States[268][269] June 7, 2011 CD, LP, digital download Streamline Records, Interscope Records, Kon Live Fan Package
Germany[270] September 27, 2011 USB drive Interscope Standard
United States[271] October 3, 2011 Deluxe
October 26, 2011 LP, digital download Limited Collector's
Germany[272] November 18, 2011 CD+DVD Box set (Deluxe)
United Kingdom[273] November 21, 2011 Polydor
Germany[274] Interscope
United States[275] Box set (Standard)
Japan[276]
United States[277] December 27, 2011 PID Box set (Deluxe)
Japan[278] December 29, 2011 Polydor

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The Fame · Born This Way
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